閉央圓唇元音

閉央圓唇元音Ʉ[1]母音的一種,使用於許多口語語言之中,其國際音標的符號為 ʉ,另一种符号为 ü/ue,相對應的X-SAMPA符號則為 }

閉央圓唇元音
ʉ
ü
IPA編號318
編碼
HTML碼(十進制)ʉ
Unicode碼(十六進制)U+0289
X-SAMPA音標}
ASCII音標u"
IPA盲文英语IPA Braille⠴ (braille pattern dots-356)⠥ (braille pattern dots-136)
音頻範例
國際音標元音
次閉
半閉
半開
次開

表內成對的元音分別為不圓唇/圓唇

在很多語言中發此音時會突起嘴唇。但也有少數情況嘴唇是扁平的。

特徵 编辑

  • 其元音高度為閉,這意指舌頭的位置會盡量接近齒齦,但不會阻礙氣流而被歸類為子音。
  • 其元音舌位是央,表示舌的位置是在央元音的地方,大約在前元音和後元音中間。
  • 其元音圓唇度為突出,即將嘴角聚拢,且嘴唇內側向外露出。

发音方式 编辑

舌面中央部分向硬腭中部隆起,嘴唇向两边展开。

发音列表 编辑

註釋 编辑

  1. ^ 雖然國際語音學學會較偏好在描述元音高度時使用「開」和「閉」,但許多語言學家也會用「高」和「低」來描述舌頭相對於口腔上部的距離。

參考文獻 编辑

  • Abdel-Massih, Ernest T., A Reference Grammar of Tamazight, Ann Arbor: University of Michigan, 1971 
  • Chirkova, Katia; Chen, Yiya, Lizu (PDF), Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 2013, 43 (1): 75–86, doi:10.1017/S0025100312000242 [失效連結]
  • Dum-Tragut, Jasmine, Armenian: Modern Eastern Armenian, Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2009 
  • Harrington, J.; Cox, F.; Evans, Z., An acoustic phonetic study of broad, general, and cultivated Australian English vowels (PDF), Australian Journal of Linguistics, 1997, 17: 155–184 [2016-05-03], doi:10.1080/07268609708599550, (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2009-07-31) 
  • Jones, Daniel; Ward, Dennis, The Phonetics of Russian, Cambridge University Press, 1969 
  • Keane, Elinor, Tamil, Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 2004, 34 (1): 111–116, doi:10.1017/S0025100304001549 
  • Khan, Sameer ud Dowla; Weise, Constanze, Upper Saxon (Chemnitz dialect) (PDF), Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 2013, 43 (2): 231–241 [2016-05-03], doi:10.1017/S0025100313000145, (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2015-01-28) 
  • Kristoffersen, Gjert, The Phonology of Norwegian, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000 
  • Lass, Roger, South African English, Mesthrie, Rajend (编), Language in South Africa, Cambridge University Press, 2002, ISBN 9780521791052 
  • Lodge, Ken, A Critical Introduction to Phonetics, 2009, ISBN 978-0-8264-8873-2 
  • Mannell, R.; Cox, F.; Harrington, J., An Introduction to Phonetics and Phonology, Macquarie University, 2009 [2016-05-03], (原始内容存档于2009-09-22) 
  • Matthews, William, Cockney, Past and Present: a Short History of the Dialect of London, Detroit: Gale Research Company, 1938 
  • Ní Chasaide, Ailbhe, Irish, Handbook of the International Phonetic Association, Cambridge University Press: 111–16, 1999, ISBN 0-521-63751-1 
  • Okada, Hideo, Japanese, Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 1991, 21 (2): 94–96, doi:10.1017/S002510030000445X 
  • Ó Sé, Diarmuid, Gaeilge Chorca Dhuibhne, Dublin: Institiúid Teangeolaíochta Éireann, 2000, ISBN 0-946452-97-0 (爱尔兰语) 
  • Przedlacka, Joanna, Estuary English and RP: Some Recent Findings, Studia Anglica Posnaniensia, 2001, 36: 35–50 
  • Scobbie, James M; Gordeeva, Olga B.; Matthews, Benjamin. Acquisition of Scottish English Phonology: an overview. Edinburgh: QMU Speech Science Research Centre Working Papers. 2006. 
  • Schuh, Russell G.; Yalwa, Lawan D., Hausa, Handbook of the International Phonetic Association, Cambridge University Press: 90–95, 1999, ISBN 0-521-63751-1 
  • Urua, Eno-Abasi E., Ibibio, Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 2004, 34 (1): 105–109, doi:10.1017/S0025100304001550 
  • Watson, Kevin, Liverpool English (PDF), Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 2007, 37 (3): 351–360 [2016-05-03], doi:10.1017/s0025100307003180, (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2018-10-08) 
  • Watt, Dominic; Allen, William, Tyneside English, Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 2003, 33 (2): 267–271, doi:10.1017/S0025100303001397 

外部連結 编辑