次閉前圓唇元音

次閉前圓唇元音是個介于閉前圓唇元音/y/和半開前圓唇元音/ø/之間的圓唇元音。

次闭次前圆唇元音
ʏ
图像
国际音标编号	320
编码
HTML码 十进制	ʏ
Unicode 十六进制	U+028F
X-SAMPA音标	Y
ASCII音标	I.
声音

荷蘭語「y」就是這個音。

此外，蘇州話“歐”的元音就是這個音。

目录

次閉次前不突出元音

特徵

國際音標：元音
前 央 後 閉 i y ɨ ʉ ɯ u 次閉 ɪ ʏ ɨ̞ ʉ̞ ɯ̞ ʊ 半閉 e ø ɘ ɵ ɤ o 中 e̞ ø̞ ə ɤ̞ o̞ 半開 ɛ œ ɜ ɞ ʌ ɔ 次開 æ ɐ 開 a ɶ ä ɒ̈ ɑ ɒ
國際音標幫助 國際音標表 模板 表內成對的元音分別為不圓唇／圓唇。

• 其元音高度為次閉，舌頭的位置並不如閉元音般接近齒齦，口腔也比閉元音稍微開一些。

• 其元音舌位是前，表示舌頭會盡可能地朝向嘴巴前面，但不至于阻礙氣流而被歸類為子音。通常圓唇前元音的實際位置會比參考點的位置還要更靠近中央（稱此過程為央化）。因此，前元音事實上常常是次前元音。

• 其元音圓唇度為不突出，即嘴唇的邊緣緊繃而聚在一起，且嘴唇內側不向外露出。

次閉前突出元音

次閉前突出元音
ʏ̫
ʏʷ
ɪʷ

特徵

• 其元音高度為次閉，舌頭的位置並不如閉元音般接近齒齦，口腔也比閉元音稍微開一些。

• 其元音舌位是前，表示舌頭會盡可能地朝向嘴巴前面，但不至于阻礙氣流而被歸類為子音。通常圓唇前元音的實際位置會比參考點的位置還要更靠近中央（稱此過程為央化）。因此，前元音事實上常常是次前元音。

• 其元音圓唇度為突出，即將嘴角聚拢，且嘴唇內側向外露出。

參考文獻

• Altendorf, Ulrike; Watt, Dominik, The dialects in the South of England: phonology, (编) Schneider, Edgar W.; Burridge, Kate; Kortmann, Bernd; Mesthrie, Rajend; Upton, Clive, A handbook of varieties of English, 1: Phonology, Mouton de Gruyter: 181–196, 2004, ISBN 3-11-017532-0 
• Árnason, Kristján, The Phonology of Icelandic and Faroese, Oxford University Press, 2011, ISBN 978-0-19-922931-4 
• Bauer, Laurie; Warren, Paul, New Zealand English: phonology, (编) Schneider, Edgar W.; Burridge, Kate; Kortmann, Bernd; Mesthrie, Rajend; Upton, Clive, A handbook of varieties of English, 1: Phonology, Mouton de Gruyter: 580–602, 2004, ISBN 3-11-017532-0 
• Bauer, Laurie; Warren, Paul; Bardsley, Dianne; Kennedy, Marianna; Major, George, New Zealand English, Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 2007, 37 (1): 97–102, doi:10.1017/S0025100306002830 
• Bolander, Maria, Funktionell svensk grammatik 1st, Liber AB, 2001, ISBN 9789147050543 
• Chen, Yiya; Gussenhoven, Carlos, Shanghai Chinese, Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 2015, 45 (3): 321–327, doi:10.1017/S0025100315000043 
• Collins, Beverley; Mees, Inger M., The Phonetics of English and Dutch (PDF) 5th, Leiden: Brill Publishers, 2003 [First published 1981], ISBN 9004103406 
• Collins, Beverley; Mees, Inger M., Practical Phonetics and Phonology: A Resource Book for Students 3rd, Routledge, 2013 [First published 2003], ISBN 978-0-415-50650-2 
• Dahlstedt, Karl-Hampus, Svårigheter i svenskans uttal, Modersmålslärarnas förening, 1967 
• Dudenredaktion; Kleiner, Stefan; Knöbl, Ralf, Das Aussprachewörterbuch 7th, Berlin: Dudenverlag, 2015 [First published 1962], ISBN 978-3-411-04067-4 （德语） 
• Einarsson, Stefán, Icelandic. Grammar texts glossary., Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins Press, 1945, ISBN 978-0801863578 
• Engstrand, Olle, Swedish, Handbook of the International Phonetic Association: A Guide to the usage of the International Phonetic Alphabet., Cambridge: Cambridge University Press: 140–142, 1999, ISBN 0-521-63751-1 
• Fleischer, Jürg; Schmid, Stephan, Zurich German (PDF), Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 2006, 36 (2): 243–253, doi:10.1017/S0025100306002441 
• Fougeron, Cecile; Smith, Caroline L., French, Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 1993, 23 (2): 73–76, doi:10.1017/S0025100300004874 
• Gimson, Alfred Charles, Cruttenden, Alan, 编, Gimson's Pronunciation of English 8th, Routledge, 2014, ISBN 9781444183092 
• Göksel, Asli; Kerslake, Celia, Turkish: a comprehensive grammar (PDF), Routledge, 2005, ISBN 978-0415114943, （原始内容 (PDF)存档于26 November 2014） 
• Gussenhoven, Carlos, Dutch, Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 1992, 22 (2): 45–47, doi:10.1017/S002510030000459X 
• Gussenhoven, Carlos, Wat is de beste transcriptie voor het Nederlands? (PDF), Nijmegen: Radboud University, 2007, （原始内容存档 (PDF)于25 March 2017） （荷兰语） 
• Gussmann, Edmund. Getting your head around: the vowel system of Modern Icelandic (PDF). Folia Scandinavica Posnaniensia. 2011, 12: 71–90. ISBN 978-83-232-2296-5. 
• Haugen, Einar, Norwegian-English Dictionary, The University of Wisconsin Press, 1974 [1965], ISBN 0-299-03874-2 
• Heijmans, Linda; Gussenhoven, Carlos, The Dutch dialect of Weert (PDF), Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 1998, 28: 107–112, doi:10.1017/S0025100300006307 
• International Phonetic Association, Handbook of the International Phonetic Association: A guide to the use of the International Phonetic Alphabet, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999, ISBN 0-521-65236-7 
• Khan, Sameer ud Dowla; Weise, Constanze, Upper Saxon (Chemnitz dialect) (PDF), Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 2013, 43 (2): 231–241, doi:10.1017/S0025100313000145 
• Kristoffersen, Gjert, The Phonology of Norwegian, Oxford University Press, 2000, ISBN 978-0-19-823765-5 
• Ladefoged, Peter; Maddieson, Ian. The Sounds of the World's Languages. Oxford: Blackwell. 1996. ISBN 0-631-19814-8 （英语）. 
• Lodge, Ken, A Critical Introduction to Phonetics, Continuum International Publishing Group, 2009, ISBN 978-0-8264-8873-2 
• Mannell, Robert; Cox, Felicity; Harrington, Jonathan, An Introduction to Phonetics and Phonology, Macquarie University, 2009 
• Marti, Werner, Berndeutsch-Grammatik, Bern: Francke, 1985, ISBN 3-7720-1587-5 
• Peters, Jörg, Saterland Frisian, Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 2017, doi:10.1017/S0025100317000226 
• Popperwell, Ronald G., Pronunciation of Norwegian, Cambridge University Press, 2010 [First published 1963], ISBN 978-0-521-15742-1 
• Prehn, Maike. Vowel quantity and the fortis-lenis distinction in North Low Saxon (PDF) (PhD). Amsterdam: LOT. 2012. ISBN 978-94-6093-077-5. 
• Przedlacka, Joanna, Estuary English and RP: Some Recent Findings (PDF), Studia Anglica Posnaniensia, 2001, 36: 35–50 
• Riad, Tomas, The Phonology of Swedish, Oxford University Press, 2014, ISBN 978-0-19-954357-1 
• Rowley, Anthony R., 14 North Bavarian, (编) Russ, Charles, The Dialects of Modern German: A Linguistic Survey, Abingdon: Routledge: 417–437, 1990, ISBN 0-415-00308-3 
• Stichting Kirchröadsjer Dieksiejoneer, Kirchröadsjer Dieksiejoneer 2nd, Kerkrade: Stichting Kirchröadsjer Dieksiejoneer, 1997 [1987], ISBN 90-70246-34-1, （原始内容存档于2015年9月19日） 
• Stuart-Smith, Jane, Scottish English: phonology, (编) Schneider, Edgar W.; Burridge, Kate; Kortmann, Bernd; Mesthrie, Rajend; Upton, Clive, A handbook of varieties of English, 1: Phonology, Mouton de Gruyter: 47–67, 2004, ISBN 3-11-017532-0 
• Szende, Tamás, Illustrations of the IPA: Hungarian, Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 1994, 24 (2): 91–94, doi:10.1017/S0025100300005090 
• Thomas, Erik R., Rural Southern white accents, (编) Schneider, Edgar W.; Burridge, Kate; Kortmann, Bernd; Mesthrie, Rajend; Upton, Clive, A handbook of varieties of English, 1: Phonology, Mouton de Gruyter: 300–324, 2004, ISBN 3-11-017532-0 
• van Heuven, Vincent J.; Genet, Roos. Wat is het beste IPA-symbool voor de u van put?. Dag van de Fonetiek. Utrecht. 2002. 
• Vanvik, Arne, Norsk fonetikk, Oslo: Universitetet i Oslo, 1979, ISBN 82-990584-0-6 
• Verhoeven, Jo, Belgian Standard Dutch, Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 2005, 35 (2): 243–247, doi:10.1017/S0025100305002173 
• Verhoeven, Jo, The Belgian Limburg dialect of Hamont, Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 2007, 37 (2): 219–225, doi:10.1017/S0025100307002940 
• Zimmer, Karl; Orgun, Orhan, Turkish, Handbook of the International Phonetic Association: A guide to the use of the International Phonetic Alphabet (PDF), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press: 154–158, 1999, ISBN 0-521-65236-7