维基百科

Help:希伯来语国际音标

下列图表展示了國際音標（IPA）在维基百科条目中表示希伯来语发音的方式。对于有关在维基百科条目中添加IPA字符的指南，请参见{{IPA-he}}、{{IPAc-he}}与Wikipedia:格式手册/音标 § Notes。

由于现代希伯来语在以色列有非东方和东方两种发音，因此某些字母的转录可能会因说话者而异。请参阅现代希伯来语音系（英语：Modern Hebrew phonology）以更全面地了解希伯来语的发音。

辅音
圣经希伯来语 现代希伯来语 字母 罗马化（英语：Romanization of Hebrew） 英语及其他语言中的相同或近似发音
b בּ‬ (Beť dǝgušah) b bet
d דּ‬ (Daleť dǝgušah) d dark
ð d ד‬ (Ďaleť rafah) ď, dh, d 圣经希伯来语: this
现代希伯来语: dark
f פ ף‬ (Fei rafah) f 或 p̄ fool
ɡ גּ‬ (Gimel dǝgušah) g go
ɣ ɡ ג‬ (Ǧimel rafah) ǧ, gh, g 圣经希伯来语: 西班牙语 fuego
现代希伯来语: go
h ה‬ (Hei) h hen
ħ[1] χ ח‬ (Ḥeť) ḥ 或 ch 圣经希伯来语: hen 但是咽音
现代希伯来语: 蘇格蘭英語 loch
j י‬ (Yoď) y yes
k כּ‬ (Kaf dǝgušah)
 k skin
l ל‬ (Lameď) l left
m מ ם‬ (Mem) m man
n נ ן‬ (Nun) n no
p פּ‬ (Pei dǝgušah) p spin
q[1] k ק‬ (Qof) q 或 k 圣经希伯来语: cup 但是小舌音.
现代希伯来语: skin.
r[2] ʁ ר‬ (Resh) r 圣经希伯来语: 颤音或闪音 run.
现代希伯来语: 法语 rouge
s ס‬ (Samekh)
שׂ‬ (Sin smalit) 		s see
sˤ ts[3] צ ץ‬ (Ṣadi) ṣ, ts (or tz) cats
ʃ שׁ‬ (Šin Yemanit) š 或 sh she
t תּ‬ (Taw) t sting
tˤ t ט‬ (Ṭeť) ṭ, t sting
θ t ת‬ (Ťaw) ť, th, t thing
v ב‬ (Veť rafah)
 v voice
w v ו‬ (Vav) v 圣经希伯来语: would
现代希伯来语: vote
x χ כ ך‬ (Ǩaf rafah) ǩ 或 ch/kh 苏格兰英语 loch
z ז‬ (Zayin) z zoo
ʕ[1] ʔ ע‬ (Ayin) ʿ 或 ' 圣经希伯来语: 英语中无对应发音；阿拉伯语 'ayn (ع)
现代希伯来语: uh-(ʔ)oh
ʔ א‬ (Alef)
 ʾ 或 ' uh-(ʔ)oh


边缘音（用于转写和借词）
IPA 字母 罗马化（英语：Romanization of Hebrew） 英语
dʒ[3] ג׳‬ (带geresh的Gimel) ǧ 或 j joy
ŋ נג‬ (Nun-Gimel) ng ring
ʒ ז׳‬ (带geresh的Zayin) ž beige
tʃ[3] צ׳ ץ׳‬ (带geresh的Ṣadi) č 或 ch chair
θ[4] ת׳‬ (带geresh的Tav) th thing
ð[4] ד׳‬ (带geresh的Dalet) th the
w[5] וו‬ (双Vav) w we
ɣ[6] ע'‬ (带geresh的Ayin) gh
元音
圣经希伯来语 现代希伯来语 字母 罗马化（英语：Romanization of Hebrew） 英语中的相同或近似发音
a  (Patach) a father
e  (Zeire) e 苏格兰英语 bay
ɛ e  (Segol) ɛ, e 圣经希伯来语: bed
现代希伯来语: 苏格兰英语 bay
ə  (Shva) ǝ, e 圣经希伯来语: comma
i י‬(Hiriq-Yud), (Hiriq) i see
o  (Holam alone), וֹ‬ (with any mater lectionis) o story
ɔ o  (Kamatz katan) ɔ, o 圣经希伯来语: off
现代希伯来语: story
a  (Kamatz) ɔ, a father
u וּ‬ (带shuruk的Vav), (Kubutz) u boot


双元音
IPA 字母 罗马化（英语：Romanization of Hebrew） 英语中的相同或近似发音
ei י‬ (Segol-Yud), (Zeire) ei day
ai י‬ (Patach-Yud), י‬ (Kamatz-Yud) ai why
oi וֹי‬ (带holam male-Yud的Vav) oi boy
ui וּי‬ (带shuruq-Yud的Vav) ui two years
ao (罕) אוֹ‬ (Alef-Vav) ao cow
ju (罕) יוּ‬ (带shuruk的Yud-Vav) yu cute
ij (罕) יְ‬(带Shva Nach的Hiriq-Yud)
i.e. "נִיְלֵן‬" [nijˈlen] 		iy 近似 see


其他符号
IPA 解释
ˈ Primary stress (placed before the stressed syllable): אֹכֶל‬ ('food') /ˈʔoχel/, אוֹכֵל‏‬ ('eating' [participle]) /ʔoˈχel/
ˌ Secondary stress, e.g. הַאֻמְנָם?‬ ('oh, really?') /ˌhaʔumˈnam/
ː Long vowels (in Tiberian Hebrew) can be transcribed using the IPA gemination sign ː: the word for "hand" would be יָד‬ /jaːd/ in absolute state and יַד־‬ /jad/ in construct state.[7] Indicating normative consonant gemination uses a double consonant: גַּנָּב‬ ('a thief') /ɡanˈnav/ not /ɡaˈnːav/

注释 编辑

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 In Modern Israeli Hebrew, /ħ, ʕ, q/ have merged with /χ, ʔ, k/ respectively, but /ħ, ʕ/ are still distinguished by Oriental Hebrew speakers.
  2. ^ The sound is uvular for most speakers, but a few speakers, mostly Sefardim and some news broadcasters, retain an alveolar pronunciation: [r]~[ɾ].
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 3.2 /dʒ, ts, tʃ/ are officially written with a tie-bar in the IPA /d͡ʒ, t͡s, t͡ʃ/ respectively, but the tie-bar is here omitted for simplicity.
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 Sometimes confused by speakers who don't hear a distinction between [ð] and [θ].
  5. ^ In Modern Israeli Hebrew, /w/ appears in a few words, mostly loanwords: וואו‎ (wow) /waw/. In some words that originally had /w/, it is approximated to [v].
  6. ^ In Modern Israeli Hebrew, /ɣ/ appears in a transliteration from Arabic, like: ע'ין‎ (Ghayn) /ɣain/.
  7. ^ Vowel length and quality in Tiberian Hebrew is a matter of debate, and that is just one possible example.
比較
入門指南
取自“https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Help:希伯来语国际音标&oldid=78878815”