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Help:卢森堡语国际音标

下列图表展示了在维基百科条目中用國際音標（IPA）表示卢森堡语发音的方式。对于有关在维基百科条目中添加IPA字符的指南，请参见{{IPA-lb}}与Wikipedia:格式手册/音标 § Notes。

请参阅卢森堡语音系（英语：Luxembourgish phonology）以更全面地了解卢森堡语的发音。

辅音
IPA 示例 英语及其他语言里的相同或近似发音
原生（非外来语）
b Been [beːn][1] ball
ɕ liicht [liːɕt], Bieg [biəɕ][1][2] 普通话/国语 希
d Iddi [ˈidi][1] done
f Fësch [fəʃ][1] fuss
ɡ Gitt [ɡit][1] guest
h hei [hɑɪ] hut
j Jong [joŋ], bëllegen [ˈbələjən][3] yard
k Kiischt [kiːʃt][1] cold
l liesen [ˈliəzən] last
m Maul [mæːʊl] must
n Nues [nuəs] not
ŋ eng [eŋ] long
p Paart [paːt][1] puck
ʀ Rou [ʀəʊ], Comptoir [ˈkõːtwaːʀ][4] 德语 Regen
ʁ Kugel [ˈkuːʁəl],[1][2] Parmesan [ˈpɑʁməzaːn][5] 蘇格蘭英語 loch，但是送气；法语 rester
s Taass [taːs][1] fast
ʃ Schnéi [ʃnəɪ][1][2] shall
t Taart [taːt], Jugend [ˈjuːʁənt][1] tall
ts Zuch [tsuχ][1] cats
tʃ Brëtsch [bʀətʃ],[1] d'Stad [tʃtɑt] match
v wëschen [ˈvəʃən][1] vanish
χ Sprooch [ʃpʀoːχ],[1][2] Force [foχs][5] 苏格兰英语 loch
z Summer [ˈzumɐ][1] hose
ʒ Juli [ˈʒuːliː][1][2] pleasure
边缘辅音
bv Kampf opginn [ˈkɑmbv ˈopɡin][6] obvious
dz spadséieren [ʃpɑˈdzəɪəʀən][1][7] heads
dʒ Jeans [dʒiːns][1] jeans
pf Pflicht [pfliɕt] cupful
w zwee [tsweː], Comptoir [ˈkõːtwaːʀ][8] we
ʑ héijen [ˈhəɪʑən][1][2] 接近 普通话/国语 日
元音
IPA 示例 英语及其他语言里的相同或近似发音
單元音
ɑ Kapp [kɑp] art
aː Kap [kaːp], waarm [vaːm][5] 澳大利亚英语 bad
æ Käpp [kæp] back
ə Fësch [fəʃ],[9] Drogen [ˈdʀoːɡən],[10] Böcker [ˈbəkɐ][11] 略像 hurt
e drécken [ˈdʀekən][9] let
eː Been [beːn] 苏格兰英语 pays
ɛː Stär [ʃtɛːɐ̯],[12] nämlech [ˈnɛːmləɕ] bed
i Gitt [ɡit] tip
iː siwen [ˈziːvən], Kiischt [kiːʃt] 苏格兰及南非英语 be
o So [zo], Sonn [zon] off
oː Sprooch [ʃpʀoːχ] story
u Hutt [hut] put
uː Tut [tuːt], Luucht [luːχt] true
非原生（外来语）单元音
ɑ̃ː Chance [ʃɑ̃ːs] 法语 vin blanc
ɛ̃ː Dinde [dɛ̃ːt] 法语 vin blanc
õː Comptoir [ˈkõːtwaːʀ] 法语 Mont Blanc
œː Interieur [ˈɛ̃ːtəʀiœːʀ], flirten [ˈflœːtən][11] 略像 herd
øː Blöd [bløːt]
y Hüll [hyl] 略像 shoe，但是更短
yː Süden [ˈzyːdən] 略像 shoe
双元音
ɑɪ Gebai [ɡəˈbɑɪ], deier [ˈdɑɪɐ] price
ɑʊ Mauer [ˈmɑʊɐ] 略像 spa water
æːɪ räich [ʀæːɪɕ] 英格兰和威尔士英语 share yachts
æːʊ Maul [mæːʊl] 英格兰和威尔士英语 share walls
əɪ Schnéi [ʃnəɪ] a yacht
əʊ Schoul [ʃəʊl] goat
ɛːɐ̯ Stär [ʃtɛːɐ̯][5] 标准英音 square
iə liesen [ˈliəzən], Biergem [ˈbiəʑəm]ⓘ[13] 略像 yearn
iːɐ̯ wier [viːɐ̯][5][13] see other
oːɐ̯ Joer [joːɐ̯][5] 苏格兰英语 no other
uə Buedem [ˈbuədəm], Lëtzebuerg [ˈlətsəbuəɕ][13] 略像 word
uːɐ̯ kuerz [kuːɐ̯ts][5][13] too upbeat
非原生（外来语）双元音
oɪ Euro [ˈoɪʀoː] boy
øːɐ̯ Röhr [ʀøːɐ̯] 略像 herd
yːɐ̯ Lürmann [ˈlyːɐ̯mɑn] 略像 you utter
弱化元音
ɐ Mauer [ˈmɑʊɐ][5] nut 或 sofa
超音段音位
IPA 示例 解释
ˈ Kugel [ˈkuːʁəl] 主重音，如 dearest /ˈdɪərəst/
ˌ Méckebaatsch [ˈmekəˌbaːtʃ] 次重音，如 commandeer /ˌkɒmənˈdɪər/

注释

编辑
  1. ^ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 1.12 1.13 1.14 1.15 1.16 1.17 1.18 1.19 Word-finally, the voiceless-voiced distinction in the obstruent pairs [p–b, t–d, k–ɡ, ts–dz, tʃ–dʒ, f–v, s–z, ɕ–ʑ, ʃ–ʒ, χ–ʁ] is neutralized, mostly in favor of the voiceless obstruents, but see the table titled Suprasegmentals (Gilles & Trouvain (2013:68頁)).
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 Both [ɕ, ʑ] and [χ, ʁ] are allophones of /χ, ʁ/. [χ, ʁ] occur after back vowels, and [ɕ, ʑ] occur in all other environments, but the voiced [ʑ] occurs only in a few words. Speakers increasingly merge [ɕ, ʑ] and [ʃ, ʒ] (Gilles & Trouvain (2013:68–69頁)).
  3. ^ The alveolo-palatal fricative [ʑ] is weakened to an approximant [j] when both unstressed and intervocalic between [ə, iə, uə] and [ə, ɐ]. The approximant realization is not subjected to merging with /ʒ/.
  4. ^ The /ʀ/ phoneme is realized as a trill [ʀ] when it is prevocalic within the same word and often when it is non-prevocalic in French loanwords (Gilles & Trouvain (2013:68, 71頁)).
  5. ^ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 When it is non-prevocalic within the same word, the /ʀ/ phoneme has many allophones:
    • after short vowels, the non-prevocalic /ʀ/ is realized as a fricative, either voiced [ʁ] or voiceless [χ], depending on whether the following consonant is voiced or voiceless;
    • /ʀ/ is fully absorbed into the preceding /aː/ in the non-prevocalic sequence /aːʀ/ and so Paart, Taart and waarm are pronounced [paːt], [taːt] and [vaːm], as if they were spelled Paat, Taat and waam;
    • after long vowels (excluding /aː/), non-prevocalic /ʀ/ is vocalized to [ɐ̯], creating the centering diphthongs [ɛːɐ̯, iːɐ̯, oːɐ̯, uːɐ̯] and, in loanwords from Standard German, also [øːɐ̯, yːɐ̯];
    • the unstressed, non-prevocalic orthographic sequence ⟨er⟩ corresponds to the marginal phoneme /ɐ/, although this can also be analysed as simple a sequence of /e/ and /ʀ/ (Gilles & Trouvain (2013:68, 70–71頁)).
  6. ^ Apart from being the main realisation of phonemes /b, d, dz, ɡ, v, z, ʒ, dʒ/, [b, d, dz, ɡ, v, z, ʒ, dʒ] occur as word-final allophones of both /p, t, ts, k, f, s, ʃ, tʃ/ and /b, d, dz, ɡ, v, z, ʒ, dʒ/ (in this position, some scholars may analyse both of the sets as /p, t, ts, k, f, s, ʃ, tʃ/) if the next word begins with a vowel and is pronounced without a pause. [ʁ, ʑ, bv] also occur as allophones of /χ, χ, pf/ in the same environment, but [bv] does not occur in other circumstances. In this context, the final voiceless obstruents are not only voiced but also resyllabified, or moved to the onset of the first syllable of the following word. Therefore, a somewhat more phonetically-accurate transcription of sech eens would be [zəˈʑeːns] (Gilles & Trouvain (2013:68, 72頁)), but it is transcribed [zəʑ ˈeːns] instead so that it corresponds more closely to the spelling.
  7. ^ Phonemic /dz/ occurs only in a few words (Gilles & Trouvain (2013:72頁))
  8. ^ [w] is an allophone of /v/ occurring after /k, ʃ, ts/ (Gilles & Trouvain (2013:69頁)). It also occurs in loanwords as a marginal phoneme.
  9. ^ 9.0 9.1 [ə] and [e] are allophones of a single phoneme /e/. [e] appears before velar consonants and [ə] elsewhere (Gilles & Trouvain (2013:70頁)).
  10. ^ Unlike in Standard German, [ə] appears in both stressed and unstressed syllables, and unstressed sequences of [ə] and a sonorant do not form syllabic sonorants (Gilles & Trouvain (2013:70–71頁)).
  11. ^ 11.0 11.1 The short [œ] in loanwords from German and French is transcribed with ⟨ə⟩ in transcriptions of Luxembourgish as the latter is typically realized with lip rounding. The long counterpart of this sound is transcribed with ⟨œː⟩, which does not imply a difference in quality.
  12. ^ In native words, [ɛː] appears only as an allophone /eː/ before /ʀ/ (Gilles & Trouvain (2013:70頁)).
  13. ^ 13.0 13.1 13.2 13.3 The contrast between [iə uə] and [iːɐ̯ uːɐ̯] is unstable and the former set appears in some words that have ⟨r⟩ in spelling.

参考书目

编辑
检索自“https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Help:卢森堡语国际音标&oldid=86330362”